Process of coating one metal with another and resulting product.



No. 66|,650. Patented Nov. l3, I900.

. s. H. THURSTON.

PROCESS OF COATING ONE METAL WITH ANOTHER AND RESULTING PRODUCT.

(Application filed Dee. 8, 1898.)

($pecimans.)

(mm? A llllllllllp m; I. L. klklsg lLlLkK S 17 IEIIVII A :O k I F H K kJVC l L ,4 G L WITNESSES: INVENTOR ATTOR N EY UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICSAMUEL H. THURSTON, OF LONG BRANCH, NEW JERSEY.

PROCESS OF COATING ONE METAL WITH ANOTHER AND RESULTING PROl'lUCT.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 661,650, dated November13, 1900. Application filed December 8, 1898. Serial N0- |670. (Spimens-l To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, SAMUEL HEMAN THURS- TON, a citizen of the UnitedStates of America, and a resident of Long Branch, county of Monmouth,State of New Jersey, have invented a certain new and useful Process ofCoating One Metal with Another and the Products Resulting from SuchProcess, of which the following is a specification.

My invention relates to a process of coating one metal with another(especially iron and steel) with an amorphous, inherent, adherent,coherent permanent film or pellicle of one metal upon another, theparticles of the coating metal being driven into and incorporated withthe metal being coated by beating them into the interstices or pores atand beneath the surface thereof, as hereinafter specified; and itconsists in a certain method of procedure fully set forth in thisspecification and claimed at the end thereof.

In previous applications, to which this present application is related,I have described and claimed the surfacing of iron and steel with anamorphous, adherent, coherent, permanent coating of copper and copperoxid by a process similar in some respects to this present application.

To more fully specify the nature of the process and the steps necessaryto produce a more perfect and finished product is the object of thisapplication, which steps are fully set out and claimed herein.

In order that persons skilled in the art to which my inventionappertains may understand, practice, and use my invention, Iwill proceedto describe it.

The first and a most important step consists in so cleaning the metal tobe coated that nothing remains upon its surfaces not homogenous with themetal itself. Acids, alkalies, oxids, grease, and anything whichprevents the coating metal from coming in absolute contact with themolecule of the metal to be coated injures the result. The surfacesshould be free from moisture, and preferably for the most perfect andpermanent result the surfaces should be dried by heat. No air can remainbetween the molecules of the coating and the coated metal, and upon thisdepends the elficiency of the result. This is especially important wherethe metal to be coated is an easily-oxidizable one, such as iron andsteel, &c.

The second step in my process consists in impacting the coating metalinto the surfaces to be coated by systematically beating thecoatingmetal against the metal being coated, which is firmly held to receivethe impacting blows of the beaters. This beating of the coating metalupon the metal being coated is preferably produced by vibratory beatingrods or pieces pivotally secured upon rods or supports on arapidly-revolving drum located above a bed-plate arranged to movebeneath or over against the field of action of said beating-rods, onwhich bed-plate the metal plate being coated is firmly secured, so thatby rapidly revolving said drum the beatingrods strike upon the. surfaceof the metal on the said bed-plate, and in doing so the metallicbeating-rods first disturb the molecular condition of the said plate andserve to mechanically clean the surface, at the same time undoubtedly toopen the pores of the said plate.

Then the particles from said beating-rods are hammered into the pores ofthe, said plate and incorporated with its surface and form a pellicle ofmetal on its surface which is adherent to said surface andpracticallyincorporated with its particles or molecules and whoseparticles cohere with each other in such a manner that the said pelliclecannot be removed from said plate mechanically without removing theparticles of the said plate also.

The manner of heating or driving the particles of coating metal into thepores of the metal being coated hereinbefore referred to is illustratedby the drawings herewith, in which- Figure 1 represents a longitudinalview or elevation of a table for holding a plate of metal to be coated,driving-pulleys, and a cross-section on line a: w of Fig. 2 of anapparatus in the nature of a wheel or flanges provided with bars, onwhich are pivoted metal wires or boaters twisted about said bars andvibrating thereon. Fig. 2 is a front view of the table and a centralsection of the apparatus lengthwise of the apparatus for holding' thevibratory wires or heaters, showing the end flanges, bearings, drivingpulleywheels, and beater-wires and rods which hold them.

A is the bed of the machine; B, the legs or supports.

0 is the table on which the plate to be coated rest-s to be movedbackward and forward either by hand or by the usual reciprocatory tablemovement, as in planing-machines, in which case the plate is fastened tothe table; D, a raised portion of the table under the revolvingvibrating heaters.

E is ashaft journaled in bearingsFon the bed A at opposite sides of thebed.

G represents driving pulley-wheels secured on shaft E, by which theshaft E is driven in either direction circumferentially.

H represents flanges secured to shaft E,

one at each end within the bearings F.

J represents rods which are secured to and in flanges E and extend fromone flange to forward movementof the table C, as the case may be. Therevolution of the beating apparatus causes the wire beater K to strikewith force upon the surface of the plate L, with more or less force asthe distance from the surface of the plate is less or greater. Thisdistance is regulated by turning the adjusting-box bearing-screws M inthe usual manner, which raise or lower box-bearings N and of courseraise orlowerthe shaft E, which is journaled therein. \Vhen an iron orsteel plate L is being coated with copper, the wire heaters K are ofcopper in whole or in part. Of course the ends which beat upon the ironplate must in this case be copper. The result of this operation of myprocess by an apparatus is superior to the result produced byhand-beating; but my process is not confined to the use of an apparatuslike the one herein described, but I prefer for regular surfaces toemploy such an apparatus or its equivalent. Irregular surfaces arecoated by my process either by hand-beating or by revolving beater-sflexibly attached to and operated by mechanism driven by power, butmanipulated by hand.

The results produced by this process are farsuperiorto anythingeverbefore produced by any previously-invented process and are permanentin their nature, and the coatings can not be mechanically removed fromthe surfaces without removing the particles of the surface on I whichthey are fixed. By this means the molecules of the coating are caused toforcibly adhere to the surfaces being coated and also to coherc betweenthemselves. Thus an amorphous, permanent, inherent, adherent, coherentpellicle is formed upon the metal being coated, which may be rolled,extended, or bent without destroying the said film or pellicle. Inperforming this last step in my process the molecules of both coatingand the metal being coated are disturbed or disarranged and thenrearranged, as the first effect of impacting or of impingement is torougheu the surfaces and disturb its molecules and at the same time tocomminute the metal used in coating. It is also quite probable, as itispossible, that an electromagnetic condition is set up, especially in thecase of copper when beingimpacted on iron and steel. I have found thiscondition in some cases to exist very strongly.

It is possible to rub one metal upon another and produce a color withoutmuch precaution other than ordinary cleaning and care; but such anoperation does not in any manner resemble the process claimed by me asmy discovery and invention, as the result is not permanent, adherent, orcoherent and must be secured upon the surfaces by some binder, such aslacquer.

By this process I have succeeded in coating iron and steel with manymetals and adapted it to a variety of cases and conditions, and in thisapplication I shall claim such products as I deem important in acommercial point of view. These products are of an amorphous nature, notcrystalline, as in the case of electricallydeposited and galvanizedcoatings previous to being burnished, which is an important-ditferenceand one which affects the usefulness of the coating produced by myinoperation of cleaning are driven off and more thorough removal ofdeleterious matter occurs and a more perfect:- result is attained.

I am aware of the inventions and processes set outin the references, ofrecord-viz. Dowling, British Patent No. 7,949 of 1839; Barron, BritishPatent No. 1,2-t3 of 1856; Boucker, British Patent No. 12,720 of 184:9;Potts, British Patent No. 2,761t of 1859; Spring, United States PatentNo.197,572, dated November 27,

18-77; Bower,United States Patent No.270,00t, dated January 2, 1883;Elmore, British Patent No; 2,618, dated February 14, 1889, and I do notclaim anything set'out or claimed in said patents. None of themdescribes or claims any process which can possibly produce a product atall akin to that produced in accordance with my invention.

I claim 1. The process substantially hereinbefore specified, whichconsists in producing a coating of one metal upon another, by firstcleaning the metal to be coated substantially as specified, and thenforcibly beating the coating metal upon the metal being coatedsystematically and continously until the particles or molecules of thecoating. metal are driven into the pores of and incorporated with theparticles at and beneath the surface of the metal being coated, and anamorphous inherent, adherent, coherent, permanent film or pellicle ofthe coating metal is formed upon 661.650 5 v v I 3' and irremovablyunited therewith, substem Q tially as hereinbefore specifieda 2. Thewithin-described product consisting ofa, body of one metal whose surfaceparti-f 5 oles are eommingled with particles of another, coating metal,the'ooating metal being driven into the pores of the body metal, the twometals being incorporated together at and be- 10 forming aunion theonewith the other of a permanent nature, the one forming aninneath the'surfaoe'ofithe body metal, and;

: herent, adherent, amorphous, end eohere'nt;

coating upon the other, substantially as specified'. Signed by me atNewYork city, eounty'and 15 State of New York, this 1st day of December,1898. 1'

SAMUEL H. THURsToNQ "Witnessesi r JAMES M. HICKS,

OfiARLEs W. Lew,

